- Minerals are naturally
occurring substances that have a definite chemical composition.
- Minerals are formed in
different types of geological environments, under varying
conditions.
- Minerals can be identified on
the basis of their physical properties such as colour, density, hardness
and chemical property such as solubility.
- Minerals are distributed in
rocks and sea bed also.
- Tropical regions are very rich
in terms of mineral resources.
Types of Minerals:
i.
On the basis of
composition, minerals are classified into metallic and non-metallic types.
ii.
Metallic, minerals
contain metals in raw form.
iii.
Metals are hard
substances that conduct heat and electricity and have lustre or shine. For
example, iron ore and bauxite.
iv.
Metallic minerals are of
two types: (a) Ferrous and (b) Non-ferrous.
v.
Ferrous minerals contain
iron ore, manganese and chromites. Most of the Iron and steel industries and
heavy industries depends on this mineral.
vi.
Non-ferrous minerals do
not contain iron but may contain some other metals like gold, silver, copper or
lead.
vii.
Non-metallic minerals do
not contain metals. For example, limestone, mica, gypsum, coal and
petroleum.
viii.
Mining, drilling and
quarrying are the three extraction methods of minerals.
ix.
Mining is the process of
taking out minerals from rocks buried under the earth’s surface.
x.
The process of mining
includes two methods: (a) Open cast mining, (b) Shaft mining
xi.
Deep wells are bored to
take minerals out and this process is called drilling.
xii.
In the process of
quarrying, minerals that lie near the surface are simply dug out.
xiii.
Mineral based industries
are the backbone of industrial development of a naion.
xiv.
Mining needs cheep labour
and resources to extract it off.
Distribution of Minerals:
i.
Minerals are found in
igneous rock, metamorphic rocks and sedimentary rocks.
ii.
Iron ore, nickel, copper
minerals are found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
iii.
Limestone is found in
sedimentary rocks.
iv.
Plateau region of India
such as Daccan and chota nagpur plateau provides the rich level of mineral
distribution.
Uses of Minerals:
i.
Some minerals
which are usually hard are used as gems for making jewellery.
ii.
Copper is used in almost
everything from coins to pipes.
iii.
Silicon is used in
almost everything from coins to pipes.
iv.
Silicon is used in the
computer industry which is obtained from quartz.
v.
Aluminium is used in
automobile, airplanes, bottling industry, building and in kitchen cookware.
vi.
Mica is used to make
electrical appliances and glass making industries.
vii.
Iron and steel is used
in every indurstry.
Distribution of Minerals in India:
i.
Iron: Jharkhand, Odisha
and Chattisgarh
ii.
Bauxite: Jharkhand,
Odisha and Chattisgarh
iii.
Mica: India is the
leading producer of mica in the world. Jharkhand, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh are
major producing states.
iv.
Gold: Kolar in
Karnataka
Conservation of Minerals:
i.
Minerals are the
non-renewable resources.
ii.
It is necessary to
reduce wastage in process of mining.
iii.
Recycling of metals is the
way to conserve mineral resources.
iv.
over exploitation is
harmful for environment as well.
· Power Resources:
i.
Power resources are of
two types: (a) Conventional Resources, (b) Non-conventional Resources
ii.
We need power resources
for industry,domastic use, agriculture, transport, communication and defence.
Conventional Sources of Minerals:
i.
The energy resources
which have been in common use for a long time are known as conventional
sources.
ii.
Firewood and fossil
fuels are two main conventional energy sources.
iii.
Fossil fuels comprises
of Coal( known as burried sunshine), Patroleum (known as black gold), Natural
Gas and Hydroelectricity.
Non-Conventional Sources of Minerals:
i.
Non-conventional sources
of energy are renewable in nature.
ii.
Solar energy, wind
energy, tidal energy, etc. are the examples of non-conventional sources
of energy.
iii.
They are more
expensive as it needs technological upgradation.
iv.
India has a great
potential for Solar energy.
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